Reducing Nutrient Inputs (Research)

Conservation dairy farming could help Pennsylvania meet Chesapeake target

Image credit: Penn State

Problem

Can dairy farms help minimize pollution of the Chesapeake Bay through conservation practices?

Animal agricultural operations contribute a significant portion of the nutrient load that pollutes the Chesapeake Bay.
Pennsylvania alone has more than 20,000 individual animal operations within the 64,000-square-mile watershed.

Findings

Researchers modeled nutrient and sediment loading to compare nonpoint pollution from typical and conservation farms and found that conservation-dairy-cropping scenarios improved water quality. The analyses showed reductions in sediment by 31 percent, nitrogen by as much as 53 percent, and phosphorus by as much as 45 percent. Conservation farms produce most of the cattle's feed and forage, use no-till planting, and have continuous diverse plant cover.

Impact

If most Pennsylvania dairy farms fully adopt conservation best management practices, the state may be able to achieve its water-quality target for the Chesapeake Bay.

Research Areas: Advanced Agricultural and Food Systems and Environmental Resilience

Research Credit

Team

Heather Karsten, M. G. Mostofa Amin, Douglas Beegle, Peter Kleinman, and Tamie Veith

Participating Departments

Competitive Funding

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency; USDA Pasture Systems and Watershed Management Research Unit; USDA NIFA Northeast Sustainable Agriculture Research and Education

Federal and State Appropriations

USDA NIFA Hatch Project PEN4600, Accession #1009362

Emerging Discoveries

Conservation dairy farming could help Pa. meet Chesapeake target

September 13, 2018

If the majority of dairy farms in Pennsylvania fully adopt conservation best-management practices, the state may be able to achieve its total maximum daily load water-quality target for the Chesapeake Bay, according to researchers.

Choosing most cost-effective practices for sites could save in bay cleanup

November 04, 2019

Using site-specific watershed data to determine the most cost-effective agricultural best management practices — rather than requiring all the recommended practices be implemented across the entire watershed — could make staying below the Chesapeake Bay’s acceptable pollution load considerably less expensive.