Troy L. Ott, B.S., M.S., Ph.D.

Professional Experience

• 2023-present: Acting Director, Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences
• 2015-2023: Associate Director, Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences
• 2012-Present: Professor of Reproductive Physiology, Department of Animal Science, Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, Penn State University.
• 2006-2012: Associate Professor of Reproductive Physiology, Department of Animal Science, Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, Penn State University
• 2004-2006: Associate Professor, Department of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow, Idaho.
• 2004-2006: Affiliate Faculty, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle.
• 2004-2006: Affiliate Faculty, Department of Microbiology, Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of Idaho, Moscow.
• 1998-2004: Assistant Professor, Department of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow, Idaho.
• 1995-1998: Research Scientist, Center for Animal Biotechnology, Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Texas A&M University.
• 1992-1995: Assistant Research Scientist, Center for Animal Biotechnology, Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Texas A&M University.

Research

Physiology of Reproduction/Reproductive Immunology

Early embryonic mortality in livestock occurs at a rate of 30-40 percent in cattle, sheep and swine, and exceeds 50 percent in horses. It is also a significant problem in human reproductive medicine. The primary focus of research in the lab is the molecular mechanisms regulating fertility and infertility in domestic farm animals. Current focus in the lab is on the effects of the developing conceptus on immune function in the endometrium and peripheral blood during early pregnancy in dairy cattle.

Books and Book Chapters

• Ott, T.L. and Ealy, A. 2018. Early Pregnancy and Implantation - Interferons. Encyclopedia of Reproduction (2nd Edition). Ed: Flaws J. et al. Elsevier, UK. In press.
• Liu,W.-S., and Ott, T.L. 2018 Comparative mammalian male reproduction, sheep overview. Encyclopedia of Reproduction (2nd Edition). Ed: Flaws J. et al. Elsevier, UK. In press.
• Reproductive Genomics in Domestic Animals. Zhihua Jiang and Troy L. Ott, eds. Blackwell Publishing. 2010. 460 pages.
• Ott, T.L., Spencer, T.E. (2010). Physiological genomics of conceptus-endometrial interactions mediating corpus luteum rescue. In Reproductive Genomics of Domestic Animals. Jiang and Ott, eds. Blackwell Publishing. Pgs. 231-249
• Bazer, F.W., Spencer, T.E., Ott, T.L. and Johnson, G.A. (2008). Mediators of maternal recognition of pregnancy. In The Endometrium. 2nd Edition. Stanley R. Glasser, John D. Aplin, Linda C. Guidice, Siamak Tabibzadeh Eds.,  Taylor and Francis Publishers, United Kingdom. 
• Bazer, F.W., Spencer, T.E., Ott, T.L. and Johnson, G.A. (2002). Mediators of maternal recognition of pregnancy. In The Endometrium. Stanley R. Glasser, John D. Aplin, Linda C. Guidice, Siamak Tabibzadeh Eds., Taylor and Francis Publishers, United Kingdom.  pp169-193.
• Ott, T.L. (1999). Interferons. In: Encyclopedia of Reproduction. Eds. E. Knobil and J.D. Neil. Academic Press, pages 853-855.
• Ott, T.L. (1999). Pregnancy; Domestic Animals. In: Encyclopedia of Reproduction. Eds. E. Knobil and J.D. Neil. Academic Press, pages 980-985.
• Ott, T.L. Tuo, W., Brown, W.C., Fleming, J.G.W., Spencer, T.E. and Bazer, F.W. (1998). Interferon-tau. In: Human Cytokines: Handbook for Basic and Clinical Research, Vol. III. B. Aggarwal and J. Gutterman, Eds. Blackwell Science Inc. pages 17-34.
• Bazer, F.W., Ott, T.L and Spencer, T.E. (1998) Endocrinology of the transition from recurring estrous cycles to establishment of pregnancy in sub-primate mammals. In Endocrinology of Pregnancy. Contemporary Endocrinology Series. F.W. Bazer Ed. Humana Press Inc., Totowa, New Jersey, pages 1-34.
• Bazer, F.W., Spencer, T.E., Ott, T.L. and Ing, N.H. (1995). Regulation of endometrial responsiveness to estrogen and progesterone by pregnancy recognition signals during the peri-implantation period. In: Molecular and Cellular Aspects of Peri-implantation Processes. S.K. Dey Editor. Springer-Verlag, New York, Inc. pgs.27-47.
• Bazer, F.W., Spencer, T.E., Ott, T.L. and Johnson, H.M. (1994). Cytokines and pregnancy recognition. In Immunobiology of Reproduction. Joan S. Hunt, Editor. Springer-Verlag New York, Inc. pages 37-56.

Peer Reviewed Publications

• Oh, J, Harper, MT, Melgar, A, Raisanen, S, Chen X, Nedelkov, K, Fetter, M, Ott, T, Wall, EH and AN Hristov. 2021. Dietary supplementation with rumen-protected capsicum during the transition period improves the metabolic status of dairy cows. J Dairy Sci 104 (11); 11609-11620.
• Kshitiz, A., J., Maziarz, J. D., Hamidzadeh, A., Liang, C., Erkenbrack, E. M., Nam, H., Haeger, J.D., Pfarrer, C., Hoang, T., Ott, T.L., Spencer, T.E., Pavličev, M., Antczak, D.F., Levchenko, A. and Wagner, G.P. (2019). Evolution of placental invasion and cancer metastasis are causally linked. Nature Ecology and Evolution, 3(12), 1743-1753. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41559-019-1046-4
• Ott, TL. Immunological detection of pregnancy: Evidence for systemic immune modulation during early pregnancy in ruminants. 2020 Theriogenology 150, 498-503.
• Harper MT, Oh J, Melgar A, Nedelkov K, Räisänen S, Chen X, Martins CMMR, Young M, Ott TL, Kniffen DM, Fabin RA, Hristov AN. Production effects of feeding extruded soybean meal to early-lactation dairy cows. J Dairy Sci. 2019 Aug 14. pii: S0022-0302(19)30702-7. doi: 10.3168/jds.2019-16551. [Epub ahead of print]
• Figueroa-Morales N, Dominguez-Rubio L, Ott TL, Aranson IS. Mechanical shear controls bacterial penetration in mucus. Sci Rep. 2019 Jul 4;9(1):9713. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-46085-z.
• Ott TL. Symposium review: Immunological detection of the bovine conceptus during early pregnancy. J Dairy Sci. 2019 Apr;102(4):3766-3777. doi: 10.3168/jds.2018-15668. Epub 2019 Feb 1. Review.
• Vasudevan, S, Kamat, MM, Walusimbi, SS, Pate, JL and Ott, TL. 2017. Effects of early pregnancy on uterine lymphocytes and endometrial expression of immune-regulatory molecules in dairy heifers. Biol Reprod. 2017 Jul 1;97(1):104-118. doi: 10.1093/biolre/iox061.
• Wijma, R, Stangaferro, ML, Kamat, MM, Vasudevan, S, Ott, TL and Giordano, JO. 2016. Embryo mortality around the period of maintenance of the corpus luteum causes alterations to the ovarian function of lactating dairy cows. Biol Reprod 95(5):112. doi:10.1095/biolreprod.116.142075
• Kamat MM, Vasudevan S, Maalouf SA, Townson DH, Pate JL, Ott TL. 2016. Changes in myeloid lineage cells in the uterus and peripheral blood of dairy heifers during early pregnancy. Biol. Reprod. 95(3):68. doi:10.1095/biolreprod.116.141069.
• Kin, K, Mazairz, J, Chavan, AR, Kamat, M, Vasudevan, S, Birt, A, Emera, D, Lynch, V, Ott, TL, Pavlicev, M, and Wagner, G 2016. The transcriptomic evolution of mammalian pregnancy: gene expression innovations in endometrial stromal fibroblasts. Genome Biol. Evol. 8(8):2459-73.  doi:10.1093/gbe/evw168.
• Ott, TL, Kamat, MM, Vasudevan, S, Townson, DH, Pate, JL 2014. Maternal immune responses to conceptus signals during early pregnancy in ruminants. Anim. Reprod. 11(3): 237-245.
• Ott, TL, Dechow, C, O'Connor, ML 2014. Advances in reproductive management: pregnancy diagnosis in ruminants. Anim. Reprod. 11(3): 207-216.
• Ribeiro ES, Bruno RG, Farias AM, Hernández-Rivera JA, Gomes GC, Surjus R, Becker LF, Birt A, Ott TL, Branen JR, Sasser RG, Keisler DH, Thatcher WW, Bilby TR, Santos JE. 2014. Low doses of bovine somatotropin enhance conceptus development and fertility in lactating dairy cows. Biol. Reprod. 90(1):10.
• Phillips, GE, Goldade, DA, VerCauteren, KC, Ott, TL, and Wagner, DC. 2014. Iophenoxic Acid and Rhodamine B as Biomarkers of Bovine Tuberculosis Vaccine Bait Uptake by White-tailed Deer. Proc. 26th Vertebr. Pest Conf.: Pp. 328-330 USDA National Wildlife Research Center - Staff Publications. Paper 1796.
• Hristov AN, Ott TL, Tricarico J, Rotz A, Waghorn G, Adesogan A, Dijkstra J, Montes F, Oh J, Kebreab E, Oosting SJ, Gerber PJ, Henderson B, Makkar HP, Firkins JL. 2013. Special topics--Mitigation of methane and nitrous oxide emissions from animal operations: III. A review of animal management mitigation options. J Anim. Sci. 2013 91(11): 5095-113.
• Gerber PJ, Hristov AN, Henderson B, Makkar H, Oh J, Lee C, Meinen R, Montes F, Ott TL, Firkins J, Rotz A, Dell C, Adesogan AT, Yang WZ, Tricarico JM, Kebreab E, Waghorn G, Dijkstra J, Oosting S. 2013. Technical options for the mitigation of direct methane and nitrous oxide emissions from livestock: a review. Animal. Suppl 2:220-34.
• Hristov, A.N., Oh, J., Lee, C., Meinen, R., Montes, F., Ott, T., Firkins, J., Rotz, A., Dell, C., Adesogan, A., Yang, W., Tricarico, J., Kebreab, E., Waghorn, G., Dijkstra, J. & Oosting, S. (2013). Mitigation of greenhouse gas emissions in livestock production – A review of technical options for non-CO2 emissions. Edited by Pierre J. Gerber, Benjamin Henderson and Harinder P.S. Makkar. FAO Animal Production and Health Paper No. 177. FAO, Rome, Italy.
• Brown, D.E., Dechow, C.D., Liu, W.S., Harvatine, K.J., Ott, T.L. (2012). Hot topic: Association of telomere length with age, herd, and culling in lactating Holsteins. Journal of Dairy Science 95: 1-4.
• Bridges, G.A., Mussard, M.L., Pate, J.L., Ott, T.L., Hansen, T.R., Day, M.L. (2012). Impact of preovulatory estradiol concentrations on conceptus development and uterine gene expression. Animal Reproduction Science 133: 16-26.
• Macrina, A.L., Ott, T.L., Roberts, R.F., Kensinger, R.S. (2012). Estrone and estrone sulfate concentrations in milk and milk fractions. Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics. 112:1088-1093.
• Racicot, K., Schmitt, A., Ott, T.L. (2012). The myxovirus-resistance protein, MX1, is a component of exosomes secreted by uterine epithelial cells. American Journal of Reproductive Immunology. 67(6): 498-505.
• Racicot, K.E., Ott, T.L. (2011). The myxovirus resistance protein, MX1, interacts with tubulin beta in uterine glandular epithelial cells. American Journal of Reproductive Immunology. 65(1): 44-53.
• Ott, T.L., Gifford, C.A. (2010). Effects of early conceptus signals on circulating immune cells: Lessons from domestic ruminants. Invited Review. American Journal of Reproductive Immunology. 64(4): 245-254.
• Gifford, C.A., Assiri, A.M., Satterfield, M.C., Spencer, T.E. and Ott, T.L. (2008). Receptor transporting protein-4 (RTP-4), in endometrium, ovary and peripheral blood leukocytes of pregnant and cyclic ewes. Biology of Reproduction 79(3):518-24. 
• Stevenson, J.L., Dalton, J.C., Ott, T.L., Racicot, K.E. and Chebel, R.C. (2007). Correlation between reproductive status and steady-state mRNA levels of the Myxovirus resistance gene, MX2, in peripheral blood leukocytes of dairy heifers. Journal of Animal Science. 85(9):2163-72.
• Ocón-Grove, O.M, Cooke, F.N.T., Alvarez, I.M., Johnson, S.E., Ott, T.L. and Ealy, A.D. (2007). Ovine Endometrial and Conceptus Expression of Fibroblast Growth Factor (FGF)-2 and FGF Receptors during Early Pregnancy. Domestic Animal Endocrinology. 34(2):135-45.
• Ferens, W.A., Halver, M., Gustin, K.E., Ott, T.L., Hovde, C.J. (2007) Differential sensitivity of viruses to the antiviral activity of Shiga toxin 1 A subunit. Virus Research 125: 104-108.
• Goodwin, J.L., Murphy, T. H., Jensen, J., Jacobson, R., Woloshuk, J., Shulaw, W., Ott, T.L., Peterson, R., Busboom, J., Cosner, B., Newman, J., Lemaster, J.W. and M. Pike. (2007). Measurement and description of lambs docked at the distal end of the caudal fold. Journal of Extension 45(4):4FEA7
• Assiri, A.M. and Ott, T.L. (2007). Cloning and characterizing of the ovine Mx1 gene promoter/enhancer region. Developmental and Comparative Immunology 31(8):847-57. 
• Gifford, C.A., Racicot, K., Clark, D.S., Austin, K.J., Hansen, T.R., Lucy, M.C., Davies, C.J., Ott, T.L. (2007). Regulation of Interferon Stimulated Genes in Peripheral Blood Leukocytes in Pregnant and Bred, Non-pregnant Dairy Cows. Journal of Dairy Science 90(1):274-280. 
• Toyokawa, K., Carling, S.J. and Ott, T.L. (2007). Cellular localization and function of the antiviral protein, ovine Mx1 (oMx1): I. Ovine Mx1 is secreted by endometrial epithelial cells via an unconventional secretory pathway. American Journal of Reproductive Immunology 57: 13-22 
• Toyokawa, K., Leite, F. and Ott, T.L. (2007). Cellular localization and function of the antiviral protein, ovine Mx1 (oMx1): II. The oMx1 protein is a regulator of secretion in an ovine glandular epithelial cell line. American Journal of Reproductive Immunology 57:23-33.
• Williams, G.A., Ott, T.L., Michal, J.J., Gaskins, C.T., Wright, R.W. and Jiang, Z. (2007) Development of a novel model for mapping the genetic complexity of cryptorchidism in sheep and initial evidence of association of INSL3 with the defect. Animal Genetics 38(2):189-191.
• Garcia, M.D., Michal, J.J., Gaskins, C.T., Reeves, J.J., Ott, T.L., Liu, Y. and Jiang, Z. (2006) Significant associations of the calpastatin gene with fertility and longevity in dairy cattle. Animal Genetics 37:304-305.
• Hostetler, C.E., Michael, J., Robison, M.R., Ott, T.L. and Kincaid, R.L. (2006). Effect of selenium intake and fetal age on mRNA expression of two selenoproteins in porcine fetal and maternal liver. Journal of Animal Science 84:2382.
• Hartt, L., Carling, S.J., Joyce, M.M, Johnson, G.A., Vanderwall, D.K. and Ott, T.L. (2005). Temporal and spatial associations of oestrogen receptor alpha and progesterone receptor expression in the endometrium of pregnant and non-pregnant mares. Reproduction, 130: 1-11.
• Biga, P.R., Peterson, B.C., Schelling, G.T., Hardy, R.W., Cain, K.D., Overturf, K., and Ott, T.L. (2005) Serum somatotropin, insulin-like growth factor-I, and antibody production in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) treated with sustained-release bovine somatotropin (rbST). Aquaculture. Vol 246: 437-445.
• Jiang. Z., Wu, X.L., Garcia, M.D., Griffin, K.B., Michal, J.J., Zhang, M., Wasem, V.D., Ott, T.L., Gaskins, C.T. and Wright, R.W. Jr. (2004). Comparative Gene-based Anatomy of Different Tissues/Organs in Cattle: Transcriptomes, Expression Similarities and Preferentially Expressed Genes Based on the Expressed Sequence Tags. Genome 47: 1164-1172.
• Biga, P.R., Cain, K.D., Hardy, R.W., Overturf, K., Schelling, G.T., and Ott, T.L. (2004). The effects of recombinant bovine somatotropin (rbST) on tissue IGF-I, IGF-I receptor, and GH mRNA levels in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). General and Comparative Endocrinology. 135: 324-333.
• Biga, P.R., Cain, K.D., Hardy, R.W., Schelling, G.T., Overturf, K., and Ott, T.L. (2004). Growth hormone differentially regulates muscle myostatin-1 and -2 and increases circulating cortisol in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). General and Comparative Endocrinology. 138: 32-41.
• Hicks, B.A., Yankey, S.J., Carnahan, K.G., Joyce, M.M., Assiri, A.M., Sinor, S.J. Kodali, K., Johnson, G.A., Hansen, T.R., Mirando, M.A., Woods, G.L., Vanderwall, D.K. and Ott, T.L. (2003). Expression of the uterine Mx protein in cyclic and pregnant cows, gilts, and mares. Journal of Animal Science 81:1552-1561.
• Peterson, B.C., Simpson, P.R., Cain, K.D., Hardy, R.H., Schelling, G.T., and Ott, T.L. (2003). Effects of Administration of Somatostatin-14 and Immunoneutralization of Somatostatin on endocrine and Growth Responses in Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Journal of Fish Biology 63:1-17.
• Kubotsu, S.L., Hu, J., Carnahan, K.G., deAvila, J., Ott, T.L. and Mirando, M.A. (2003). The effects of chronic ethanol consumption during early pregnancy on conceptus health and uterine function in pigs. Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research, 27:712-719.
• Johnson, G.A., Joyce, M.M., Yankey, S.J., Hansen, T.R. and Ott, T.L. (2002). The interferon stimulated genes (ISG) 17 and MX1 have different temporal and spatial expression in the ovine uterus suggesting more complex regulation of the MX1 gene. Journal of Endocrinology 147(2):R7-R11.
• Yankey, S.J., Hicks, B.A., Carnahan, K.G., Assiri, A., Sinor, S.J., Kodali, K., Stellflug, J.N. and Ott, T.L. (2001). Expression of the antiviral protein MX in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of pregnant and bred, non-pregnant ewes. Journal of Endocrinology 170, R7-R11.
• Singh B., Ott, T.L., Bazer, F.W., and de la Concha-Bermejillo, A. (2001). Phenotypic and Ultrastructural Characteristics of Bronchoalveolar Lavage Cells of Lentivirus-Infected Lambs Treated with Recombinant Ovine Interferon-tau. Journal of Interferon and Cytokine Research 21(9):677-686.
• Ott, T.L. (2000). Interferon-tau: paracrine mediator of conceptus-maternal dialogue in ruminants. Annales, Universitatis Mariae Curie-Sklodowska. Sectio DD, Medicina Veterinaria. Vol. LV/B, pgs 1-5.
• Juste, R.A., Ott, T.L., Kwang, J., Bazer, F.W. and de la Concha-Bermejillo, A. (2000). Effects of recombinant ovine interferon-J on ovine lentivirus replication and progression of disease. Journal of General Virology 81(2): 525-532.
• Gray, A.G., Bartol, F.F., Taylor, K.M., Wiley, A.A., Ramsey, W.S., Ott, T.L., Bazer, F.W. and Spencer, T.E. (2000). The ovine uterine gland knock out model: Effects of gland ablation on the estrous cycle. Biology of Reproduction 62:448-456.
• Kim, H-T, Stoica, G., Bazer, F.W. and Ott, T.L. (2000). Interferon-tau (IFNJ)-induced apoptosis in ovine hepatocytes. Hepatology 31:1275-1284.
• Chami, O., Megevand, A., Ott, T.L., Bazer, F.W. and O¡¦Neill, C. (1999) Platelet-activating factor may act as an endogenous pulse generator for sheep of luteolytic PGF2alpha release. American Journal of Physiology 276:E783-792.
• Spencer, T.E., Gray, A., Johnson, G.A., Taylor, K.M., Gertler, A., Gootwine, E., Ott, T.L. and Bazer, F.W. (1999). Effects of Recombinant Ovine Interferon Tau, Placental Lactogen, and Growth Hormone on the Ovine Uterus. Biology of Reproduction 61:1409-1418.
• Bartol F.F., Wiley A.A., Floyd J.G., Bazer F.W., Ott T.L., Spencer T.E. (1999). Uterine differentiation as a foundation for subsequent fertility. Journal of Reproduction and Fertility; Suppl 54:285-300.
• Johnson, G.A., Burghardt, R.C., Spencer, T.E., Newton, G.R, Ott, T.L. and Bazer, F.W. (1999). Ovine Osteopontin: II. Osteopontin and alpha-v beta-3 Integrin Expression in the Uterus and Conceptus During the Periimplantation Period. Biology of Reproduction 61: 892-899.
• Tuo, W., Ott, T.L., Liu, S-H. and Bazer, F.W. (1999). Intrauterine infusion of bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) prior to mating has no adverse effects on fertility, fetal survival and fetal development. Journal of Reproductive Immunology 42:31-39.
• Ing, N.H. and Ott, T.L. (1999). Estradiol up-regulates estrogen receptor messenger RNA by increasing its stability. Biology of Reproduction 60:134-139.
• Wu, G., Ott, T.L., Knabe, D.A. and Bazer, F.W. (1999). Amino acid composition of the fetal pig. Journal of Nutrition 129:1031-1038.
• Spencer, T.E., Gray, C.A., Ott, T.L., Johnson, G.A., Ramsey, W.S., and Bazer, F.W. (1999). Differential effects of intrauterine and subcutaneous administration of recombinant ovine interferon tau (roIFNJ) on endometrial gene expression of cyclic ewes. Biology of Reproduction 61:464-470.
• Ott, T.L., Yin, J., Wiley, A.A., Kim, H.-T., Gerami-Naini, B., Spencer, T.E., Bartol, F.F., Burghardt, R.C. and Bazer, F.W. (1998). Effects of the estrous cycle and early pregnancy on uterine expression of Mx protein in sheep (Ovis aries). Biology of Reproduction 59:784-794.
• Singh, B., Ott, T.L., Bazer, F.W. and De La Concha-Bermejillo, A. (1998). Structural responses of pulmonary intravascular macrophages in lentivirus-infected and/or recombinant ovine interferon-J-treated lambs. The Anatomical Record 251:472-485.
• Bazer, F.W., Ott, T.L. and Spencer, T.E. (1998). Maternal recognition of pregnancy: Comparative aspects. Trophoblast Research 12:375-386.
• Spencer, T.E., Ott, T.L. and Bazer, F.W. (1998). Expression of interferon regulatory factors one and two in the ovine endometrium: Effects of pregnancy and ovine interferon tau. Biology of Reproduction 58:1154-1162.
• Piedrahita, J.A., Moore, K., Oetama, B., Lee, C.-K., Scales, N., Ramsoondar, J., Bazer, F.W., Ott, T.L. (1998). Generation of transgenic porcine chimeras using primordial germ cell (PGC)-derived colonies. Biology of Reproduction 58:1321-1329.
• Wu, G., Pond, W.G., Flynn, S.P., Ott, T.L. and Bazer, F.W. (1998). Maternal dietary protein deficiency decreases nitric oxide synthase and ornithine decarboxylase activities in placenta and endometrium of pigs during early gestation. Journal of Nutrition 128: 2395-2402.
• Wu, G., Pond, W.G., Ott, T.L. and Bazer, F.W. (1998). Maternal dietary protein deficiency decreases amino acid concentrations in fetal plasma and allantoic fluid of pigs. Journal of Nutrition 128:894-902.
• Ott, T.L., Wiley, A.A. and Bartol, F.F. (1997). Effects of stage of gestation and uterine ligation on ovine placentome development and glycosaminoglycans. Journal of Animal Science 75:1053-1062.
• Pontzer, C.H., Yamamoto, J.K., Bazer, F.W., Ott, T.L. and Johnson, H.M. (1997). Potent Anti-Feline Immunodeficiency Virus and Anti-Human Immunodeficiency Virus Effect of IFN-. The Journal of Immunology 158:4351-4357.
• Ott, T.L., Fleming, J.G.W., Spencer, T.E., Joyce, M.M., Chen, P., Green, C.N.K., Welsh, T.H. Jr., Harms, P.H. and Bazer, F.W. (1997). Effects of Exogenous Ovine Interferon tau on Circulating Concentrations of Progesterone, Cortisol, LH and Antiviral Activity; Interestrous Interval; Rectal Temperature; and Uterine Response to Oxytocin in Cyclic Ewes. Biology of Reproduction 57:621-629.
• Bazer, F.W., Spencer, T.E. and Ott, T.L. (1997). Interferon tau: A novel pregnancy recognition signal. American Journal of Reproductive Immunology 37:412-420.
• Chiruvolu, V., Stratton, J.M., Ott, T.L., Bazer, F.W. and Meagher, M.M. (1996). Effect of media composition on growth, plasmid stability and ovine interferon tau production in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Journal of Fermentation and Bioengineering 82(6):565-569.
• Juste, R.A., Ott, T.L., Kwang, J., Bazer, F.W. and De La Concha-Bermejillo, A. (1996). Effects of recombinant interferon-tau on ovine lentivirus replication. Journal of Interferon and Cytokine Research 6:989-994.
• Newton, G.R., Ott, T.L., Woldesenbet, S., Shelton, A.H. and Bazer, F.W. (1996). Biochemical and immunological properties of related small ruminant trophoblast interferons. Theriogenology 46:703-716.
• Zhu, D., Ott, T.L., and Bazer, F.W. (1996). An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for ovine interferon-tau (oIFN tau). Journal of Interferon and Cytokine Research 16:147-150.
• Van Heeke, G., Ott, T.L., Strauss, A., Ammaturo, D. and Bazer, F.W. (1996). High-yield expression and secretion of the pregnancy recognition hormone ovine interferon-τ by Pichia pastoris. Journal of Interferon and Cytokine Research 16:119-126.
• Spencer, T.E., Mirando, M.A., Mayes, J.S., Watson, G.H., Ott, T.L. and Bazer, F.W. (1996). Effects of interferon-tau and progesterone on oestrogen stimulated expression of receptors for oestrogen, progesterone and oxytocin in the endometrium of ovariectomized ewes. Reproduction Fertility and Development 8:843-853.
• Spencer, T.E., Ott, T.L., and Bazer, F.W. (1996). Tau interferon: Pregnancy recognition signal in ruminants. Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine 13 (3):215-229.
• Bazer, F.W., Spencer, T.E and Ott, T.L. (1996). Placental Interferons. American Journal of Reproductive Immunology 35:297-308.
• Meyer, M.D., Hansen, P.J., Thatcher, W.W., Drost, M., Badinga, L., Roberts, R.M., Li, J., Ott, T.L. and Bazer, F.W. (1995). Extension of corpus luteum lifespan and reduction of uterine secretion of prostaglandin F2alpha of cows in response to recombinant interferon-tau. Journal of Dairy Science 78:1921-1931.
• Spencer, T.E., Ing, N.H., Ott, T.L., Mayes, J.S., Becker, W.C., Watson, G.H., Mirando, M.A. and Bazer, F.W. (1995). Intrauterine injection of ovine interferon-tau alters oestrogen receptor and oxytocin receptor expression in the endometrium of cyclic ewes. Journal of Molecular Endocrinology 15:203-220.
• Pontzer, C.H., Ott, T.L., Bazer, F.W. and Johnson, H.J. (1994). Structure/Function studies with interferon tau: Evidence for multiple active sites. Journal of Interferon Research 14:133-141.
• Jarpe, M.A., Johnson, H.M., Bazer, F.W., Ott, T.L. Curto, E.V., Krishna, N.R. and Pontzer, C.H. (1994). Predicted structural motif of IFN-τ. Protein Engineering 7:863-867.
• Nephew, K.P., Cardenas, H., McClure, K.E., Ott, T.L., Bazer, F.W. and Pope, W.F. (1994). Effects of administration of human chorionic gonadotropin or progesterone before maternal recognition of pregnancy on blastocyst development and pregnancy in sheep. Journal of Animal Science 72(2):453-458.
• Bazer, F.W., Ott, T.L., and Spencer, T.E. (1994). Pregnancy recognition in ruminants, pigs and horses: signals from the trophoblast. Theriogenology 41:79-94.
• Ott, T.L., Zhu, Y., Mirando, M.A., Stevens, C., Harney, J.P., Ogle, T.F. and Bazer, F.W. (1993). Changes in progesterone and oestrogen receptor mRNA and protein during maternal recognition of pregnancy and luteolysis in ewes. Journal of Molecular Endocrinology 10:171-183.
• Mirando, M.A., Harney, J.P., Zhou, Y., Ogle, T.F., Ott, T.L., Moffatt, R.J. and Bazer, F.W. (1993). Changes in progesterone and oestrogen receptor mRNA and protein and oxytocin receptors in endometrium of ewes after intrauterine injection of ovine trophoblast interferon. Journal of Molecular Endocrinology 10:185-192.
• Ott, T.L., Van Heeke, G., Hostetler, C.E., Schalue, T.K., Olmsted, J.J., Johnson, H.M. and Bazer, F.W. (1993). Intrauterine injection of recombinant ovine interferon-τ extends the interestrous interval in sheep. Theriogenology 40:757-769.
• Tuo, W., Ott, T.L. and Bazer, F.W. (1993). Natural killer cell activity of lymphocytes exposed to ovine, type I, trophoblast interferon. American Journal of Reproductive Immunology 29:26-34. 
• Harney, J.P, Ott, T.L., Geisert, R.D. and Bazer, F.W. (1993). Retinol-binding protein gene expression in cyclic and pregnant endometrium of pigs, sheep and cattle. Biology of Reproduction 49:1066-1073.
• Morgan, G.L., Geisert, R.D., McCann, J.P., Bazer, F.W., Ott, T.L., Mirando, M.A. and Stewart, M. (1993). Failure of luteolysis and extension of the interoestrous interval in sheep treated with the progesterone antagonist mifepristone (RU 486). Journal of Reproduction and Fertility 98:451-457.
• Ott, T.L., Mirando, M.A., Davis, M.A. and Bazer, F.W. (1992). Effects of ovine conceptus secretory proteins and progesterone on oxytocin-stimulated endometrial production of prostaglandin and turnover of inositol phosphate in ovariectomized ewes. Journal of Reproduction and Fertility 95:19-29.
• Davis, M.A., Ott, T.L. Mirando, M.A., Moser, M.T. and Bazer, F.W. (1992). Effect of recombinant alpha interferons on fertility and interestrous interval in sheep. Theriogenology 38:867-875.
• Bazer, F.W., Mirando, M.A., Ott, T.L., Harney, J.P., Dubois, D.H., Schalue, T.K., Pontzer, C.H., Hostetler, C.H., Johnson, H.M. and Ogle, T.F. (1992). Roles of ovine trophoblast protein-1 and oestradiol/prolactin in establishment of pregnancy in sheep and pigs. Reproduction Fertility and Development 4(3):335-340.
• Ott, T.L., Van Heeke, G., Johnson, H.W. and Bazer, F.W. (1991). Cloning and expression in Saccharomyces cerevisiae of a synthetic gene for the Type-1 trophoblast interferon ovine trophoblast protein-1: purification and antiviral activity. Journal of Interferon Research 11:357-364.
• Ko, Y., Lee, C.Y., Ott, T.L., Davis, M.A., Simmen, R.C.M., Bazer, F.W. and Simmen, F.A. (1991). Insulin-like growth factors in sheep uterine fluids: concentrations and relationships to ovine trophoblast protein-1 production during early pregnancy. Biology of Reproduction 45:135-142.
• Nephew, K.P., McClure, K.E., Ott, T.L., Dubois, D.H., Bazer, F.W. and Pope, W.F. (1991). Relationship between variation in conceptus development and differences in estrous cycle duration in ewes. Biology of Reproduction 44:536-539.
• Bazer, F.W., Thatcher, W.W., Hansen, P.J., Mirando, M.A., Ott, T.L. and Plante, C. (1991). Physiological mechanisms of pregnancy recognition in ruminants. Journal of Reproduction and Fertility Supplement 43:39-47.
• Pontzer, C.H., Ott, T.L., Bazer, F.W. and Johnson, H.M. (1990). Localization of an antiviral site on the pregnancy recognition hormone, ovine trophoblast protein 1. Proceedings of the National Academy of Science, USA 87:5945-5949.
• Mirando, M.A., Ott, T.L., Harney, J.P. and Bazer, F.W. (1990). Ovine trophoblast protein one inhibits development of endometrial responsiveness to oxytocin in ewes. Biology of Reproduction 43:1070-1078.
• Mirando, M.A., Ott, T.L., Vallet, J.L., Davis, M. and Bazer, F.W. (1990). Oxytocin-stimulated inositol phosphate turnover in endometrium of ewes is influenced by stage of the estrous cycle, pregnancy, and intrauterine infusion of ovine conceptus secretory proteins. Biology of Reproduction 42:98-105.